Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) is a type of cancer originating in the digestive tract, typically in the stomach or small intestine. While rare, GIST is the most common type of tumor within the digestive tract's connective tissues. The cancer arises from cells in the gastrointestinal tract wall called the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which help control muscle contractions in the gut.
The symptoms of GIST can vary depending on its size, location, and stage. Early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms, but as the tumor grows, signs may include:
GIST primarily results from genetic mutations, often spontaneous rather than inherited. Researchers have found links to mutations in two genes, KIT and PDGFRA. These mutations cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to tumors. While some genetic syndromes are linked to GIST, most cases are not inherited.
Seek medical attention if you experience persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, nausea, or blood in stools. Early diagnosis improves the chances of effective treatment, so consult a healthcare provider if you notice any concerning symptoms.
Several diagnostic tests and procedures help confirm GIST:
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