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Medical Treatments

Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia is a rare disease that affects the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the bones. Normally, the bone marrow makes new blood cells, but in aplastic anemia, it stops doing that. Because of this, the body doesn't have enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
This can make you feel tired, get infections quickly, and bruise or bleed more often, even from minor bumps. The exact cause is unclear, but it can be triggered by certain medicines, infections, or exposure to toxic chemicals. Sometimes, it can be caused by the body mistakenly attacking its bone marrow. Treatment can include medicines, blood transfusions, or even a bone marrow transplant in severe cases.

Signs & Symptoms

 Aplastic anemia can develop suddenly or slowly. Some common symptoms include:

  • Fatigue (feeling very tired)
  • Shortness of breath with exertion
  • Frequent infections (due to low white blood cells)
  • Unexplained bruising or easy bleeding (like from gums or nosebleeds)
  • Pale skin
  • Headaches or dizziness
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat (due to low oxygen in the blood)
Causes

Aplastic anemia can occur due to:

  • Autoimmune disease: The immune system attacks bone marrow.
  • Chemicals and toxins: Exposure to pesticides, arsenic, or benzene.
  • Medications: Certain drugs, such as chemotherapy, can damage bone marrow.
  • Infections: Some viral infections like hepatitis, Epstein-Barr, or HIV can trigger it.
  • Genetic conditions: Some people are born with bone marrow that doesn't function well.
When to seek medical attention?

Suppose you or someone you know shows signs of aplastic anemia, especially fatigue, infections, or bleeding without apparent cause. In that case, it's essential to see a doctor. Untreated, aplastic anemia can be life-threatening.

Diagnostics & Tests

Doctors can use various tests to diagnose aplastic anemia:

  • Complete blood count (CBC): Measures the number of red cells, white cells, and platelets.
  • Bone marrow biopsy: A sample is taken from the bone marrow to check for abnormalities.
  • Reticulocyte count: Measures young red blood cells to see if the marrow is producing enough.
  • Blood tests for viruses: Check for infections that could cause the condition.
Do’s & Don’ts

Do's:

  • Seek medical advice if you have symptoms like unusual tiredness or frequent infections.
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, especially iron and B12, to support blood health.
  • Practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of infections.
  • Stay current on vaccinations (e.g., flu shots) to protect against infections.

​​​​​​​ Don'ts:

  • Avoid exposure to chemicals like pesticides or benzene, which can harm bone marrow.
  • Don't ignore unusual bleeding or bruising—seek immediate care.
  • Avoid contact with sick people, especially if your immune system is weakened.
  • Limit alcohol consumption, as it can affect blood production.

 

NOTE:

Our medical content authors have diligently gathered and synthesized information on this topic to offer valuable insights to our readers. Drawing from a range of reputable medical journals and health resources, this content aims to enhance understanding of the subject. It's important to remember that while this information is informative, it should not replace personalized consultation or treatment from a qualified physician. For further details, please refer to our Editorial Policy.

For this topic, our authors used some of the following resources:

  1. Johns Hopkins Medicine | Aplastic Anemia
  2. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov) | Aplastic Anemia - NCBI - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  3. Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation | Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation
  4. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov) | Diagnosis of Aplastic Anemia & Myelodysplastic Syndromes
  5. MedlinePlus (.gov) | Aplastic anemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Frequently Asked Questions For Aplastic Anemia

In some cases, bone marrow transplants can cure aplastic anemia. For others, long-term treatment may be necessary to manage the condition.

It can return after treatment, primarily if related to an autoimmune cause.

Aplastic anemia affects all types of blood cells (red, white, and platelets), while other types of anemia mainly affect red blood cells.

Complications include severe infections, bleeding, or even heart problems due to the reduced number of blood cells.

It can be, but most cases are acquired due to environmental or medical factors.

While some cases cannot be prevented, you can lower the risk by avoiding toxic chemicals, using medications only as prescribed, and protecting yourself from infections.

Best Hospitals in Aplastic Anemia

Explore All Hospitals in Aplastic Anemia
BLK-MAX Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi – State-of-the-art medical facility
BLK-MAX Super Specialty Hospital

Pusa Road, Radha Soami Satsang, Rajendra Place New Delhi, 110005 India

High-tech medical equipment at Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon, ensuring accurate diagnostics and advanced treatment solutions.
Artemis Hospital

Artemis Hospitals Sector 51, Gurugram 122001 Haryana, India

SHALBY Sanar International Hospital, Gurugram – trusted healthcare destination for global patients via VivaVel.com
SHALBY Sanar International Hospitals, Gurugram

Golf Course Rd, Parsvnath Exotica, DLF Phase 5, Sector 53, Gurugram, Haryana Gurgaon, 122022 India

PARAS Health, Gurugram – top multispecialty hospital for international patients via VivaVel.com
PARAS Health, Gurugram

C-1, Sushant Lok- 1, Sector-43, Phase- I, Gurugram, Haryana, 122002

Amrita Hospital, Faridabad – India's largest multispecialty hospital with cutting-edge healthcare infrastructure and global standards.
Amrita Hospital

Mata Amritanandamayi Marg, Sector 88, Faridabad, Haryana, India 121002

High-end cardiac and orthopedic surgery at Max Hospital Dehradun – trusted by overseas patients with VivaVel.com support
Max Super Speciality Hospital, Dehradun

Mussoorie, Diversion Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001

Top Doctors in Aplastic Anemia

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A. V. S. Suresh
  • Dr. A. V. S. Suresh
  • Senior Consultant
  • Medical Oncology | Hematology
  • 21 Years Experience
  • Continental Hospitals

Dr. A. V. S. Suresh is a distinguished Senior Consultant Medical Oncologist and Hematologist at Continental Hospitals, Hyderabad. With over two decades of clinical ex...

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Gaurav Dixit
  • Dr. Gaurav Dixit
  • Unit Head Of Hemato-Oncology
  • Hematology | Bone Marrow Transplantation...
  • 13 Years Experience
  • Artemis Hospital

Dr. Gaurav Dixit is a highly experienced Hematologist and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) Specialist who currently leads the Haemato-Oncology Unit at Artemis Hospital, Gurugram....

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Rayaz Ahmed
  • Dr. Rayaz Ahmed
  • Senior Director - Oncology
  • Oncologist | Hematologist
  • 14 Years Experience
  • Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket

Dr. Rayaz Ahmed is a director with expertise in Cancer Care/Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant, Hematology Oncology, and hematology (Hematology) at Max Super Speciality Hospita...

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Soumya Bhattacharya
  • Dr. Soumya Bhattacharya
  • Consultant
  • Haematologist
  • 25 Years Experience
  • Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata

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Roshan Dikshit
  • Dr. Roshan Dikshit
  • Senior Consultant
  • Hematologist & Transplant Specialist
  • 16 Years Experience
  • Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka

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Nitin Sood
  • Dr. Nitin Sood
  • Vice Chairman
  • Haemato-Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplan...
  • 29 Years Experience
  • Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon

Dr. Nitin Sood is a distinguished Clinical Hematologist, Hemato-Oncologist, and Bone Marrow Transplant Specialist with nearly thirty years of clinical, academic, and research exper...

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