Blood cancer is a type of cancer that affects the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. It prevents blood cells from working properly, making it harder for the body to fight infections or prevent bleeding. There are three primary types of blood cancer.
The first is leukemia, which starts in the blood or bone marrow and disrupts the production of blood cells, making it difficult for the body to fight infections.
The second is lymphoma, which starts in the lymphatic system, a part of the immune system that helps remove waste and fight infections. Lymphoma can lead to swelling in the lymph nodes, making it difficult for the body to defend itself against diseases.
The third type is myeloma, which affects plasma cells. Plasma cells are white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight infections, and myeloma makes these cells behave abnormally.
Blood cancers are treated using therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, or bone marrow transplants. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of managing the disease.
Symptoms of blood cancer can be vague and often mimic other illnesses. Common signs include:
Since many things can cause these symptoms, it's essential to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
The exact cause of blood cancer isn't known, but it typically starts with genetic changes (mutations) in the blood cells. This abnormal change causes cells to grow uncontrollably or not die when they should, leading to cancer.
Factors that might contribute to blood cancers include:
If you experience any of the symptoms listed above, especially if they last more than a few weeks, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes. Immediate attention is required if:
To diagnose blood cancer, doctors may run the following tests:
Do's:
Don'ts:
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