An epidural hematoma (EDH) occurs when blood collects between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost layer covering the brain. This typically happens after a head injury, such as a severe blow to the head. The blood gathers in this space because a blood vessel is torn. As more blood collects, it exerts pressure on the brain, potentially causing serious issues.
Symptoms of EDH may include a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, or loss of consciousness. Sometimes, individuals may appear fine initially, but symptoms can rapidly worsen. Doctors diagnose EDH using a brain scan, like a CT scan. If EDH is detected, treatment is usually urgent. Surgeons may need to remove the accumulated blood to relieve pressure on the brain. With prompt treatment, many people recover well, but if left untreated, EDH can be life-threatening.
The symptoms of an epidural hematoma can vary, but often include:
Severe headache: A sudden, intense headache following head trauma.
Loss of consciousness: This may happen at the time of injury, followed by a period of apparent recovery.
Confusion or altered consciousness: Disorientation or drowsiness.
Nausea and vomiting: Feeling sick and possibly vomiting.
Weakness or numbness: Especially on one side of the body.
Seizures: Uncontrolled shaking or convulsions.
Dilated pupils: One or both pupils may appear enlarged.
Difficulty speaking or understanding: Communication issues.
Note: Symptoms can worsen quickly, so immediate medical attention is crucial.
EDH is usually caused by:
Head trauma: A blow to the head or a severe impact, such as from a fall or car accident.
Skull fracture: A break in the skull that damages blood vessels and leads to bleeding.
Head injury: Sports injuries or accidents that cause bleeding between the skull and brain.
Seek immediate medical attention if:
You or someone else experiences severe headaches after a head injury.
Loss of consciousness occurs, followed by confusion or drowsiness.
Symptoms worsen quickly, including increasing headache, vomiting, or weakness.
To diagnose an epidural hematoma, doctors may use:
CT scan: The most common imaging test to detect bleeding and evaluate the size of the hematoma.
MRI: Provides detailed images of the brain and may be used when additional information is required.
Neurological examination: Assesses brain function, including reflexes, muscle strength, and coordination.
Do's:
Seek prompt medical attention: If you suspect an epidural hematoma, go to the hospital immediately.
Follow medical advice: Adhere to treatment plans and post-surgery instructions.
Monitor symptoms: Keep track of any changes in symptoms and report them to your healthcare provider.
Rest and recover: Allow adequate time for recovery and follow rehabilitation recommendations.
Don'ts:
Don't ignore symptoms: Even minor symptoms following head trauma should be checked by a doctor.
Avoid strenuous activities: Refrain from heavy lifting or high-impact activities during recovery.
Don't skip follow-up appointments: Regular check-ups are crucial for monitoring recovery progress.
Avoid self-medication: Only use medications prescribed by your healthcare provider.
Disclaimer:
Our medical content authors have diligently gathered and synthesized information on this topic to offer valuable insights to our readers. Drawing from a range of reputable medical journals and health resources, this content aims to enhance understanding of the subject. It's essential to remember that while this information is informative, it should not replace personalized consultation or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional. For further details, please refer to our Editorial Policy.
For this topic, our authors used some of the following resources:
Cleveland Clinic | Epidural Hematoma
Verywellhealth | What Is a Brain Bleed?
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