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Anal cancer is a rare form of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus, the small opening at the end of the digestive tract. Unlike colon or rectal cancer, it begins specifically in the anal region. Anal cancer often starts in the cells lining the anal canal, which connects the rectum to the anus. Symptoms may include bleeding, pain, itching, or a lump near the anus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of anal cancer, and people with weakened immune systems are more at risk.
Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment. Doctors may use a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery to treat anal cancer, depending on how advanced it is. Getting regular screenings and practicing safe habits can help lower the risk of anal cancer. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and getting vaccinated against HPV are also preventive measures. Although anal cancer is rare, it's essential to be aware of its symptoms and seek medical advice if something feels unusual.
Symptoms of anal cancer can be subtle at first but may include:
Note: Many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions like hemorrhoids, but it's important to check if symptoms persist.
Anal cancer occurs when healthy cells in the anus develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. While the exact cause isn't always clear, some factors increase the risk of these mutations:
Seek medical attention if you experience:
Some factors make a person more likely to develop anal cancer:
To diagnose anal cancer, doctors may perform:
The treatment for anal cancer depends on the stage of the tumor, its size, and whether it has spread. Common treatments include:
Do's:
Don'ts:
NOTE:
Our medical content authors have diligently gathered and synthesized information on this topic to offer valuable insights to our readers. Drawing from a range of reputable medical journals and health resources, this content aims to enhance understanding of the subject. It's important to remember that while this information is informative, it should not replace personalized consultation or treatment from a qualified physician. For further details, please refer to our Editorial Policy.
For this topic, our authors used some of the following resources:
National Cancer Institute | Anal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version
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