Double Valve Replacement (DVR)

Double Valve Replacement (DVR) is a surgical procedure that involves replacing the heart's aortic and mitral valves. This surgery is indicated when both valves are significantly damaged or diseased, resulting in impaired blood flow regulation. DVR can utilize either mechanical or biological valves.

Signs & Symptoms

 Common symptoms associated with Double Valve Replacement (DVR) may include:

• Fatigue.
• Dizziness.
• Cyanosis.
• Chest pain.
• Lightheadedness.
• Shortness of breath.
• Fluid retention, especially in the lower limbs.

Causes

 DVR may be necessary due to conditions that affect both the aortic and mitral valves, such as:

• Rheumatic Heart Disease: A complication of rheumatic fever that causes inflammation and scarring of the heart valves.
• Congenital Valve Defects: Some individuals are born with valve abnormalities.
• Valve Calcification: Age-related calcium buildup can lead to valve stenosis.
• Endocarditis: Infection of the heart valves can cause damage, leading to dysfunction.
• Cardiomyopathy: Enlargement or weakening of the heart can pressure the valves.

When to seek medical attention?

 Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden chest pain or tightness.
• Severe shortness of breath.
• Fainting or unexplained dizziness.
• Sudden, severe fatigue.
• Signs of heart failure (swelling, persistent coughing).

Risk Factors

 While valve replacement surgery can be life-saving, it carries certain risks and potential complications, including:

• Uncontrolled bleeding during or after treatment.
• Infection at the incision site.
• Damage to the blood vessels.
• Blood clots may cause stroke, heart attack, or lung problems.
• Breathing problems.
• Valve failure is also more common with replacement.
• Infection in the new valve is called endocarditis, which is more common with valve replacement.
• Pneumonia.
• Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms.
• Need for a permanent pacemaker.
• Allergic reaction to anesthetics or other medications.

Diagnostic & Test

 Some common diagnostic tests used to assess heart health and detect potential abnormalities:

• Echocardiogram: Ultrasound of the heart to assess valve function and structure.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Measures electrical activity and can detect heart rhythm issues.
• Chest X-ray: To see heart size and check for signs of heart failure.
• Cardiac catheterization: Involves threading a catheter to examine the heart's blood flow and valve function.
• MRI or CT Scan: Advanced imaging for a clearer view of the heart's anatomy.

Treatment Procedure

 Effective management and preparation before surgery are crucial to ensure a successful valve replacement and recovery process.

Preoperative Care:

• Stabilization with medications (beta-blockers, diuretics, or anticoagulants) to manage symptoms.

Valve Replacement Surgery:

• Mechanical Valves: Durable, last longer, but require lifelong blood thinners (e.g., warfarin).
• Biological Valves: Made from animal tissue, lower risk of clotting but may need to be replaced after 10-15 years.

Postoperative Care:

• A hospital stay of around a week for monitoring and recovery.
• Anticoagulation therapy to prevent clot formation.
• Regular follow-up appointments to check valve function.

Do’s & Don’ts

 Do's:
If you have a mechanical valve, follow your prescribed medication regimen, especially blood thinners.
Maintain a heart-healthy diet low in sodium, cholesterol, and trans fats.
Exercise regularly under medical supervision to strengthen the heart.
Attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper valve function.
Monitor INR levels regularly if you're on anticoagulants.

 Don'ts:
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can strain the heart.
Avoid high-intensity exercises unless cleared by your doctor.
Do not skip your medications, especially blood thinners, as missing doses can cause life-threatening blood clots.
Avoid foods high in vitamin K (e.g., leafy greens), as they can interfere with blood thinners like warfarin.

FAQ’s For Double Valve Replacement (DVR)