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Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG)

Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG) is a medical test to check the heart's blood vessels (coronary arteries) for blockages or narrowing. A special dye is injected into the arteries, and X-ray images are taken to see how blood flows through them.

Signs & Symptoms

 Symptoms of Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG) can vary, but common signs include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort (angina).
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
  • Unexplained fatigue, especially during physical activity.
  • Heart attack symptoms (severe chest pain, pressure, and sweating).

Causes

 Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG) performed to detect:

  • Coronary artery disease (blockage or narrowing of heart arteries due to cholesterol buildup).
  • Heart attack (a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart).
  • Angina (chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart muscle).
  • Abnormal heart tests (like ECG or stress test).

When to seek medical attention?

 It’s essential to consult a doctor if you experience:

  • If you experience chest pain or pressure, especially if it gets worse with activity.
  • If shortness of breath occurs even when you are resting.
  • If your doctor suspects you have coronary artery disease after other tests.

Risk Factors

 Several factors can increase the risk for Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG), including:

  • High cholesterol levels.
  • High blood pressure.
  • Smoking.
  • Diabetes.
  • Obesity.
  • Lack of physical activity.
  • Family history of heart disease.

Diagnostic & Test

 Your Physician may conduct the following tests:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures electrical activity of the heart.
  • Stress test: Evaluates how the heart works during physical activity.
  • Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to check heart structure and function.
  • Blood tests: Checks for markers of heart damage.
  • Coronary Artery Angiography: Confirms blockages in the heart’s arteries using X-ray and dye.

Treatment Procedure

CAG is a diagnostic procedure, not a treatment. Based on the results, treatments can include:

  • Medications: To manage heart disease or prevent blood clots.
  • Angioplasty: A balloon is used to open a blocked artery, and sometimes a stent (small tube) is placed to keep it open.
  • Coronary artery bypass surgery: A vein or artery from another part of the body is used to bypass a blocked heart artery.

Do’s & Don’ts

 Do's:

  • Follow pre-test instructions (like fasting before CAG).
  • Inform your doctor of any allergies, especially to iodine (used in the dye).
  • Stay calm and follow the medical team's advice during the procedure.
  • After the procedure, rest as recommended and avoid heavy lifting.
  • Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle (eat healthy, exercise regularly, take prescribed medications).

 Don'ts:

  • Don’t ignore chest pain or discomfort before or after the test.
  • Avoid smoking or alcohol before the procedure.
  • Don’t engage in strenuous activity immediately after the procedure without your doctor’s advice.

FAQ’s For Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG)

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FAQ's For Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG)

It’s generally not painful. You may feel a little pressure when the catheter is inserted.
The test itself usually takes 30-60 minutes, but the whole process, including preparation and recovery, may take a few hours.
You will need to rest for a few hours, and the doctor will discuss the results with you. If a blockage is found, they may perform angioplasty immediately or plan treatment.
CAG is generally safe, but like any procedure, there is a small risk of complications like bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to the dye.
Most people can go home the same day, but if there are any complications, the doctor might keep you in the hospital for observation.

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