Nephrology is a medical speciality focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney-related diseases and disorders. Nephrologists care for patients with conditions that affect kidney function, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, kidney stones, hypertension-related kidney damage, and electrolyte or fluid imbalances. They also manage complications arising from kidney dysfunction, such as anaemia, bone disease, and high blood pressure.

Diagnosis in nephrology often involves blood and urine tests, imaging studies, and kidney biopsies to assess kidney structure and function. Treatment can include medications, dietary modifications, fluid management, dialysis, and preparation for kidney transplantation in advanced cases. Preventive nephrology emphasises early detection of kidney problems, lifestyle interventions, and management of risk factors like diabetes and hypertension.

Nephrology plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, as healthy kidneys are essential for filtering waste, regulating blood pressure, balancing electrolytes, and producing hormones that support red blood cell production and bone health. Through comprehensive care, nephrologists help patients preserve kidney function and improve quality of life.